Addresses the basic principles of petroleum refining, as they relate to the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels (ULSF), in particular gasoline (ULSG) and diesel fuel (ULSD).
Bioethanol production results in a co-product, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), that is used in the animal feed industry. It has been generally assumed that DDGS will replace both soya and cereals in animal feeds and this assumption, together with the ratio ascribed, has been used to predict land use and other factors. In Europe, it has generally been expected that replacing more soya and less cereals would have a beneficial effects on emissions, by reducing the risk of Amazon deforestation. It is therefore important for estimating indirect land use change impacts from biofuels that the correct ratios should be modeled.
The European Commission recently released updated results of modelling by the International Food Policy Research Institute of the likely indirect effects of the EU’s biofuels mandate. We critically assess this work, concluding that while there are inevitably areas that could be improved with further development it is a robust study and representative of best practice in the field of CGE modelling of iLUC. We note that in several areas criticisms made by the European Biodiesel Board do not appear to be well supported.
Reviews the experiences of the US, Japan and UK in enforcing motor fuel quality requirements. Lessons learned from these three countries are discussed to inform recommendations for the establishment of an effective fuel quality enforcement program.
This paper provides aggregated statistics for the fleet of new light-commercial vehicles in the EU for the year 2010.
This paper is ICCT’s 4th contribution to the UNECE GRPE informal subgroup on the development of a worldwide harmonized light vehicles test procedure (WLTP-DTP).
This paper presents new analysis on the implications of the current inertia class based system and outlines two alternative approaches for discussion within the WLTP-DTP working group.
Based on an assessment of production costs for two GPF designs, we estimate for a 2.0L gasoline engine a cost of $106 for a stand-alone GPF and between $114 and $154 for a four-way catalyst, presented here as a three-way catalyst (TWC) with PM trapping capabilities.
Technical note on crop yield-price and land-price elasticities, key determinants of indirect land use change.
Calculates the fraction of biomass carbon removed from disturbed or cleared forests that is retained in wood products (not emitted to the atmosphere).
