Analysis indicates that that the carbon intensity of the U.S. refining sector is sensitive to both the crude oils input to refineries and the product slate output.
Assesses how an MTOW constraint, which would lead to a lower nominal payload-range capability for affected aircraft, would influence the economic value of several representative aircraft types.
An analysis of the prospects for improving alignment of various HDV efficiency programs worldwide, with the aim of accelerating technology development and promoting technology adoption in the global market.
A detailed analysis of technical and operational efficiency and carbon emissions across all international shipping vessels, using global satellite Automatic Identification System data on ship movement.
An assessment of policy options, legal issues, costs and benefits.
此报告关注于中国以及其他新兴市场国家对炼油能力的需求，对应的资本投入需要，以及过渡到超低硫汽油与超低硫柴油以及对汽油柴油进行其它一些改进所需的每升的提炼成本。结果显示，中国全国范围生产含硫量 10ppm 的汽油和柴油的平均增量成本分别为每升0.7美分（0.04人民币）和1.7美分（0.11 人民币）。鉴于许多中国城市的空气污染已经到达警戒水平，而汽车排放污染占了大气污染其中一大部分而且其份额还在继续增加，在全国范围内尽快尽早引入的引入超低硫燃油带来的益处将远远超过这样低廉的成本。
Profiles China's vehicle fleet, with a focus on market penetration rates of various fuel-efficiency technologies and comparisons to the U.S. and European fleets.
Evaluates the historical and potential impact of transportation policies on global oil consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Examines reasons for the limited adoption of cost-effective fuel-saving technologies in the EU, as input to the European Commission’s policy deliberations on reducing GHG emissions from HDVs.
Results of study of refining capability requirements, corresponding capital investment requirements, and per-liter refining costs to transition to ULSG and ULSD.
